Security and surveillance

A Guide to Home Security Surveillance Systems

The technology used in home security surveillance systems has changed dramatically over the years. Video cameras used in surveillance systems today are smaller, better and cheaper. Up until a few years ago video footage was recorded onto VHS tape, but today DVR (digital video recorder) systems record video footage onto a hard drive. The price of home security surveillance system has come down dramatically over the last few years. The two main parts of any home security surveillance system are the surveillance cameras and the video recording device.

1. Surveillance Camera Technology

Surveillance cameras either use CMOS or CCD (charge couple device) chips to record video images. CCD surveillance cameras produce better quality video than the cheaper CMOS surveillance cameras. We use inches to measure CCD camera formats, and brighter images are produced by larger CCD chips. A CCD format of 1/4″ or 1/3″ is good enough for most situations.

Resolution of a surveillance camera is specified as the number of TV lines (TVL) produced by the camera. This determines how detailed the video picture quality is. The resolution typically produced by surveillance cameras is normally between 350TVL to 400TVL. The frame rate of a surveillance camera is the number of separate images that the camera can record per second. Most camera’s can record at 30fps (frames per second), and video below 30fps is not smooth and begins to look jerky.

A color surveillance camera is not as good as a black and white camera in poor lighting conditions. A camera’s sensitivity to light is measured in lux. A camera's light sensitivity must be 0.5 lux or lower to be able to view images at night.

2. Surveillance Camera Lenses

The lens of a surveillance camera should match the CCD format of the camera - 1/3″ lenses should be used with cameras with a 1/3″ CCD format. Most home security surveillance systems have cameras with fixed focal length lenses, which means that the cameras do not have a zoom in/out facility. Cameras that allow you to remotely change the camera's focal length using a motorized zoom are quite expensive.

3. Other Surveillance Camera Features

Some surveillance cameras include Infrared (IR) LEDs, which project an infrared light allowing you view video in complete darkness. The range that these camera’s can see in the dark vary, and is typically between 10 to 50 feet. Cameras with a pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) facility are included with the more expensive home security surveillance systems. Pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) cameras allow someone to remotely pan a camera left and right, up or down, and to zoom in and out.

4. Surveillance Camera Housings

A home security surveillance system can have large, visible cameras, which are cheaper, have larger housings, and can deter criminals by being clearly visible. Covert (hidden) cameras are generally quite expensive, are very small, and are hidden in other objects, such as a light fixture. Cameras with dome housings are mounted on the underside of ceilings. Dome housings are normally used to house cameras with a PTZ (pan, tilt and zoom) facility. Protective weatherproof security camera housings are used by cameras that need to be protected from the elements. Outdoor surveillance cameras need to be waterproof and to be able to withstand extremes in temperature.

5. Video Surveillance Monitors

Using a standard TV as a video surveillance monitor does not produce the best picture quality. Computer monitors produce better picture quality, and also offer an extended lifespan. If you want to display video from multiple cameras onto a single monitor, then a 15″ monitor should be the minimum size you purchase.

6. Video Surveillance System Recorders

Most home security surveillance systems today record video onto a hard drive and not VHS tape. This has several advantages. The first advantage is that you can immediately go to a specific point in a recording without having to fast-forward or rewind a tape. Secondly, you can playback an earlier part of any camera recording whilst that camera is still recording.

Motion detection is a handy feature which is incorporated into some home security surveillance systems, which allows you to only record when motion is detected within a certain area. This will reduce the hard drive storage space requirements. There is no benefit in buying a VCR system over a DVR system, apart from its cheaper price.

7. PC Based DVR Versus Standalone DVR

There are two types of home security surveillance system, PC based DVR systems, and standalone DVR systems. A PC based DVR system is quite cheap, and is run off an existing PC. A PC board must be installed inside the PC, and special software installed on the PC. The problem with PC based DVR systems are that these systems are unstable and slow when compared to standalone DVR systems.

The recording on a standalone DVR security camera system is done using hardware, and this eliminates software crashes that you sometimes get with the PC based DVR systems. The performance and reliability of DVR systems are generally better than PC based systems.

8. Considerations when buying a Home Security Surveillance System

Your first consideration is the quality of the video you want to record. The is is the quality of the video recordings in terms of resolution (TV Lines), and the video frame rate (video smoothness). The second consideration is the number of cameras that you will need for your home security surveillance system. Typically, an entry level system contains four cameras. The size of the hard drive you need for the DVR system is your third consideration. Low-end DVR systems come with 80 gigabyte (GB) hard drives, whilst top-end systems come with a 750GB hard drive.

For more information about home security and home safety, take a look at the news feed for Home Security Buff (Feedage.com).

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